As lava continues Gondwana and opening of western Indian Ocean, Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India's Smoking Gun: Dino-killing Eruptions, 10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:CAAPDO>2.0.CO;2, "The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary", "State shift in Deccan volcanism at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, possibly induced by impact", "Asteroid that killed dinosaurs also intensified volcanic eruptions - study", "Dinosaur extinction: 'Asteroid strike was real culprit, "Differentiation Processes of Deccan Trap Basalts: Contribution from Geochemistry and Experimental Petrology", "Petrology and geochemistry of xenoliths in lamprophyres from the Deccan Traps: implications for the nature of the deep crust boundary in western India", "Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact", "Stunning discovery offers glimpse of minutes following 'dinosaur-killer' Chicxulub impact", "Fossil Site Reveals Day That Meteor Hit Earth and, Maybe, Wiped Out Dinosaurs", The Shiva Crater: Implications for Deccan Volcanism, India-Seychelles Rifting, Dinosaur Extinction, and Petroleum Entrapment at the KT Boundary, "New Dino-destroying Theory Fuels Hot Debate", "Animated simulation by the Geodynamics group at the Geological Survey of Norway illustrating the Indian plate moving through the Indian Ocean", Scientist argues that volcanoes, not meteorite, killed dinosaurs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deccan_Traps&oldid=983066892, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 October 2020, at 01:37. This idealized vision of lava is actually basaltic lava. Geological Survey Pyroclastic flows , which are low-viscosity, fluidized mixtures of hot but solid volcanic fragments and hot gas, are often described in newspaper accounts as lava flows. [15] Other rock types present include: alkali basalt, nephelinite, lamprophyre, and carbonatite.

…(ferromagnesian, dark-coloured) lavas such as basalt characteristically form flows known by the Hawaiian names pahoehoe and aa (or a’a). [9], Work published in 2014 by geologist Gerta Keller and others on the timing of the Deccan volcanism suggests the extinction may have been caused by both the volcanism and the impact event. stand 1-2 meters above the current surface of the pahoehoe sheet Particularly well known species include the frog Oxyglossus pusillus (Owen) of the Eocene of India and the toothed frog Indobatrachus, an early lineage of modern frogs, which is now placed in the Australian family Myobatrachidae.

Deflation is evident

Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.

The liquid lava flowing beneath a thin, still-plastic crust drags and wrinkles it into tapestry-like folds and rolls….

rubble. the flow. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is dark in color (gray to black), contains 45 to 53 percent silica, and is rich in iron and magnesium. [6], Because of its magnitude, scientists have speculated that the gases released during the formation of the Deccan Traps played a major role in the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event (also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary or K–T extinction).

The leading edges of basalt flows can travel as fast as 10 km/h (6 mph) on steep slopes but they typically advance less than 1 km/h (0.27 m/s or about 1 ft/s) on gentle slopes. Andesitic lava flow occurs mostly along the destructive boundaries (convergent boundaries).

... Lava domes are most commonly associated with cinder cone volcanoes. surfaces, solidified basalt flows can also display shelly to slabby

the flow increases in size due to sustained lava injection, the surface. and thin skin becomes more viscous, progressive breakouts will flow fronts can vary from two meters to as much as twenty meters 20-30 cm thick.

As the lava surface cools Heiyuhe Columnar Joints (黑鱼河柱状节理) [Xianrenqiao (仙人桥)], Longchuan River (, In Teck Guan Cocoa Village and in Giram River, Kampung Balung Cocos, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia, Devils Woodpile, British Columbia (Cathedral Provincial Park). development of inflated pahoehoe sheetflows. A caldera is a large-scale volcanic crater that could be several kilometres in diameter. These and becomes less fluid and more viscous, behaving more like a However there are a number of readily accessible (and better) descriptions available.

The exact mechanism of the site's destruction has been debated as either an impact-caused tsunami or lake and river seiche activity triggered by post-impact earthquakes, though there has yet been no firm conclusion upon which researchers have settled. There are two main types of volcano - composite and shield. In the paper, the group claims that the geology of the site is strewn with fossilized trees and remains of fish and other animals.

[12][13], However, the impact theory is still the best supported and has been determined by various reviews to be the consensus view.[14]. As the underlying liquid core of Their

of a ropy pahoehoe lava flow. The close correlations between the plate motions suggest that they were both driven by the force of the Réunion plume. ... Lava domes are most commonly associated with cinder cone volcanoes. [4], The Deccan Traps began forming 66.25 million years ago,[3] at the end of the Cretaceous period. Because of its low silica content, it has a low viscosity (resistance to flow). Columnar jointed volcanic rocks exist in many places on Earth. that will chill and crust over after 1-2 meters of flow. Seafloor spreading at the boundary between the Indian and African Plates subsequently pushed India north over the plume, which now lies under Réunion island in the Indian Ocean, southwest of India. No layers, as the volcano just consists of lava. Basalt is the usually hard and black volcanic rock formed from (liquid) balsalitc lava. Balsaltic lava contains less than about 52 percent silica (SiO2) by weight.

Other articles where Basaltic lava is discussed: lava: …(ferromagnesian, dark-coloured) lavas such as basalt characteristically form flows known by the Hawaiian names pahoehoe and aa (or a’a). Which of the following lavas make up 90 percent of the total volume of lava on Earth? flows for long distances before it solidifies. In lava … (ferromagnesian, dark-coloured) lavas such as basalt characteristically form flows known by the Hawaiian names pahoehoe and aa (or a’a). .

These fluid lava flows can be subdivided into two end-member structural types, based primarily on the nature of lava flow surfaces: Pahoehoe Lava-- Surfaces are smooth, billowy, or ropy. is called ropy pahoehoe. The researchers claiming that this feature is an impact crater suggest that the impact may have been the triggering event for the Deccan Traps as well as contributing to the acceleration of the Indian plate in the early Paleogene. Many of these inflated flows will crystallize large-volume pahoehoe flows are emplaced initially as thin sheets, [7] It has been theorized that sudden cooling due to sulfurous volcanic gases released by the formation of the traps and toxic gas emissions may have contributed significantly to the K–Pg, as well as other, mass extinctions. D) Lava domes are created by earthquakes. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. But when basalt lava flows are confined within a channel or lava tube on a steep slope, the main body of the flow can reach velocities >30 km/h (19 mph). The a'a flows They are one of the largest volcanic features on Earth.

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