And when they tested tissues from the 37 piglets born so far, all appeared to be PERV-free. Nevertheless, eGenesis scientists’ achievement — with their 25 DNA edits, the eGenesis pigs set the record for genome modifications — suggests that however many edits are needed to make pigs into organ donors might be feasible. In the new work, done with a team of Danish and Chinese collaborators, the eGenesis team applied the CRISPR system to cells derived from the connective tissue of fetal pigs. And even with PERVs off the table, pigs will require other modifications so that their organs won’t be rejected by the human immune system or cause other harms. CRISPR'd piglets from the eGenesis study. could knock out PERV genes at all 62 sites in the pig genome, could survive for years beating in baboons’ abdomens, New species of water bear uses fluorescent ‘shield’ to survive lethal UV radiation, Found: genes that sway the course of the coronavirus, Researchers face hurdles to evaluate, synthesize COVID-19 evidence at top speed, ‘Very disappointed.’ Trump’s science adviser has left U.S. researchers wanting more, São Paulo abandons plan to raid research institutions’ coffers, Curtain falls on history’s biggest Arctic science expedition, Economics Nobel honors pioneers of auction theory, Starlink already threatens optical astronomy.
Genetically engineered piglets free of retroviral sequences may provide safer organs for human transplant.

They allowed each egg to develop into an embryo and implanted it in the uterus of a surrogate mother. Using the genome-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9, Yang and her team at the biotech startup eGenesis knocked out pig DNA that has long been considered a deal-breaker for efforts to use pigs … Scientists still don’t know whether the viral particles they produce can infect humans at all, he notes, much less whether they would cause disease if they did. As a note of caution, porcine transposons or ‘jumping pig gene DNA’ as well as gene mosaicism in different pig tissues, plus four legged epigenetic effects will make progress moving this dramatic accomplishment forward are much greater challenges than the current Herculean efforts expended to produce ‘CRISPR’d’ piglets and will require much larger amounts of capital than has already been spent by eGenesis to ‘edit’ the twenty five (25) porcine genes relevant to transplantation immunology and the avoidance of GVH sequelae in human recipients of porcine ‘humanesque’ organs. The new Laika, born this year in China after numerous miscarriages and other setbacks, could be a pioneer in her own right. Among eGenesis’s next experiments: see if the pigs are fertile and, if so, whether their CRISPR’d genetic changes, including inactivating PERVs, are inherited. The challenge is to identify which pig genes are necessary and sufficient to change so that the animals’ organs have a shot at working in people. In a key step, the scientists used the genome-editor CRISPR to cripple all 25 copies of “PERV” genes — DNA in the pig genome that makes potentially dangerous viruses that could infect anyone who receives a pig organ.
All rights Reserved. Scientists who dream of transplanting organs from pigs into people have long faced a nagging question: What about PERVs? CRISPR, the disruptor. Also, congratulations to and my deep respect for Luhan Yang, Ph.D. and her colleagues at eGenesis and the Harvard/MIT nexus, for their spectacular successes in this brilliant ‘world class’ application of the powers of CRISPR-cas9 to produce Laika. “It’s an elegant tour de force of genetic engineering, so my hat is off to them,” said Dr. A. Joseph Tector, of the University of Alabama, Birmingham, who has also made genetically modified pigs aimed at producing transplantable organs. The male animals grew up sterile but otherwise healthy, so when they received transplanted sperm-producing stem cells from other animals, they started producing sperm derived from the donor’s cells. “If this is required, it will add to the time before pigs can be used for transplants in patients in desperate need,” says transplant immunologist David Cooper of the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Pig organs with genetic changes, transplanted into baboons and other lab animals, kept failing within weeks, even though the recipients received immune-suppressing drugs to prevent organ rejection. Using CRISPR gene editing, researchers from the company and several academic labs created dozens of apparently healthy pigs with no trace of PERV genes. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. The adult cells were not as nature made them, however. “We were able to get cells to grow even with very aggressive gene editing,” Yang said: 100 percent of the cells doused with the chemical cocktail were 100 percent PERV-free. Now, radio astronomers are worried, This tiny device harvests energy from a simple breeze, Images of a black hole reveal how cosmic beasts change over time, Cancer drug shrinks ‘undruggable’ lung tumors, Australian labradoodles are mostly poodle, genetic analysis reveals, The giant Megalodon shark was three times as big as a great white, new measurements show, NASA mission set to sample carbon-rich asteroid, Newly found viruses suggest rubella originated in animals, With to-do list checked off, U.S. physicists ask, ‘What's next?’, A call to test new vaccines head to head, in monkeys, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Using the genome-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9, Yang and her team at the biotech startup eGenesis knocked out pig DNA that has long been considered a deal-breaker for efforts to use pigs as organ donors. Using CRISPR-Cas9 allowed them to produce mice, pigs, goats and cattle that lacked the gene called NANOS2 which is specific to male fertility.

The unwelcome surprise was that cells that were effectively CRISPR’d — the ones the scientists needed to clone designer pigs — were dying like orchids in the tundra.

That means that affected children usually begin to show symptoms of muscle weakness by age five, lose the ability to walk by about age 12, and rarely live through their 30s as their heart muscles give out. Reminds me of the book “Never Let Me Go”. Do we know when “Planet of the Pigs” will appear in a theater near you? In most of the rest, CRISPR missed its mark. Sharon, thank you for your excellent article. (PERV stands for porcine endogenous retroviruses.)

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