About 20,000 tonnes of oil were spilled.

The ship was transporting 30 884 tons of heavy fuel oil from Dunkerque to Livorno. Categories: Africa, Oil, Oil Tanker, South Africa. Do you consider this an environmental justice success? There are important coastal fisheries, mariculture (oysters and mussels) and tourism resources throughout southern Brittany and the Vendée. In 1993, the No.2 clean ballast tanks (CBT) were transformed into dedicated sea water ballast tanks, thereby becoming segregated ballast tanks (SBT). CASTILLO DE BELLVER, carrying 252,000 tonnes of light crude oil caught fire about 70 miles north west of Cape Town, South Africa on 6th August 1983.

Due to the long time that the oil spent at sea, much of it formed a water-in-oil emulsion, which significantly increased its volume and viscosity. The French Court assessed the total damages for civil parties at the amount of €192.8 million. Exemple de dissertation universitaire contract administration case study spill Erika study oil case best essay vocabulary pollution and mankind essay pdf meri maa essay in gujarati. Categories: Oil, Europe, Oil Tanker, Greece. This factor was decisive; to such an extent that the other factors can be considered as secondary. Categories: Oil, Europe, Product Tanker, Denmark. The vessel had approximately 1,700 MT of IFO 380 bunker fuel and 61 MT diesel oil onboard. Unfortunately, in the case of the Erika and later, the Prestige the upper limits of compensation were set too low and consequently when a major oil spill of very persistent fuel oil … On December 8, 1999, she sailed out of Dunkerque, bound for Livorno and with a cargo of around 31,000 tons of heavy fuel oil. Erika oil spill vastly engaged public concern about the safety of maritime transport, highlighting the risk associated with old and poorly maintained ships and the necessity of regulatory harmonization and enforcement of maritime safety. But on the another hand, Britany suffered this disaster which could just never happened. As the official CPEM report emphasizes, the ERIKA was certainly an old ship, but she was used above all for transporting black products at freight rates which were insufficient to cover costs, unless these costs, including maintenance costs, were drastically reduced. On 7th December 2007, the VLCC HEBEI SPIRIT (146,848GT, built 1993), laden with 209,000 tonnes of four different Middle Eastern crude oils, was struck by a crane barge whilst at anchor off Taean, South Korea. About 20,000 tonnes of oil were spilled.

Some 10,000 tonnes of oil were recovered during the main pumping operations.

The degree of oiling of shores was very patchy through the affected area. The ERIKA had always been "sensitive" to corrosion, but she really began to fall into disrepair when No.4 tanks and especially No.2 wing tanks became dedicated ballast tanks. Categories: HNS, Other, Container Ship, Oceania, New Zealand. The ice strengthened cruise vessel, USHUAIA ran aground on 4th December 2008, while sailing through Bahia Guillermina, along the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. LeDrean-Quenec'hdu, S., Jacques, J-P., Lamy, A. This resulted in the loss of about 25,000 tonnes of Mexican Maya crude from the No.1 centre tank.

On the 10th April 1991, the ro-ro ferry MOBY PRINCE collided with the tanker AGIP ABRUZZO (98,544 GT; built 1977) in the Italian port of Livorno. The tanker AMOCO CADIZ ran aground off the coast of Brittany on 16th March 1978 following a steering gear failure. She broke in two on 19 November and 63,000 tonnes of oil were estimated lost from the PRESTIGE. Following the lightering of the remaining cargo, the vessel was re-floated successfully on 12th October 2000. There were 18 000 tons lost in the ocean.

On 16th August 2013, RORO passenger vessel ST THOMAS DE AQUINAS collided with containership SULPICIO EXPRESS 7 on approach to port in Cebu, Philippines. Even worse, the heavy weather with tides and currents made some of the slicks to “throw up very high on the foreshore, turning the spill into an ecological catastrophe. 1 port cargo wing tank to rupture. Categories: Oil, Oil Tanker, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia. Categories: Oil, Europe, Oil Tanker, Portugal. Case study of oil spill: BP, Gulf of Mexico. The collision resulted in a hole near the No. Required fields are marked *.

Within a few days the vessel suffered serious structural deterioration which led to an immediate and significant oil spill and loss of rock phosphate cargo, Categories: Africa, Bulk Carrier, Environmental effects, Disposal, Madagascar. Erika, in a way, established accountability in environmental crimes, drawing attention in what we should already have known: That companies will be held accountable by both the public and the law if found guilty of environmental damage. Little attention was paid to segregation of wastes, however. Apart from the fines imposed and cleanup costs, the owner made voluntary payments to the majority of the civil parties, including the French Government, for a total of €171.3 million. …according to the official report of Permanent Commission of enquiry into accidents at sea (CPEM). It has been estimated that less than 3% of the total spill volume was collected during the response operations at sea. Almost 74,000 oiled birds were recorded ashore along the coast of the Bay of Biscay, of which almost 42,000 were dead. On 7th December 2004, the Malysian bulk carrier SELENDANG AYU suffered engine failure whilst en-route from Seattle, USA to Xiamen, the People's Republic of China, and ran aground off Skan Bay in Unalaska Island, Alaska. The French Naval Command in Brest took charge of the response operations at sea in accordance with the French National Contingency Plan. As a result of the sinking, a large proportion of the vessel’s cargo and bunkers spilled into the sea. The catastrophe was similar (but smaller) to the one from the sinking of the the Amoco Cadiz in 1978 and the Torrey Canyon in 1967,  not far away, in the coast of Britanny and in the Scilly Islands. The 26 crew members were hoisted, while the tanker was cut through the middle. Following engine failure, BRAER ran aground in severe weather conditions on Garth's Ness, Shetland on 5th January 1993. Despite having 10% less steel than many other tankers of similar size, Erika was very popular amongst shipping companies because of its relative inexpensiveness.[3]. It could not take refuge under Malta courts although the ship carried a Malta convenient flag. After first moving south-east from the spill site toward La Rochelle, then turning north, the oil finally began stranding around the mouth of the River Loire on Christmas Day 1999.

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