On 15 August 1369, Queen Philippa died of an illness similar to edema in Windsor Castle. Birthdate: June 24, 1314. Name variations: Joan Plantagenet. Edward III and the Triumph of England: The Battle of Crécy ... She was buried on month day 1369, at burial place. It is speculated that she was born on 24 June sometime between 1310 and 1315. From Hainault. Who was the first African Queen of England? They had seven sons and five daughters (three of whom are buried in the Abbey). Among the beneficiaries was Geoffrey Chaucer, regarded as the "father of English verse"; Chaucer held a variety of minor posts in the royal administration, and his poetry found an eager and generous supporter in Philippa. The birth of this heir, a strong, healthy infant who would later be a military hero called the Black Prince, was greeted with grand tournaments and other festivities in London and throughout the realm. The June following the coronation, Philippa gave birth to her first child, a son named Edward after his father. This book investigates the agency and influence of medieval queens in late fourteenth-century England, focusing on the patronage and intercessory activities of the queens Philippa of Hainault and Anne of Bohemia, as well as the princess ... Old Folks The Ancestry of Chamberlin and Grant - Volume 1 - Page 336 Fascinating and authoritative of Britain's royal families from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I to Queen Victoria, by leading popular historian Alison Weir 'George III is alleged to have married secretly, on 17th April, 1759, a Quakeress called ... Isabella and Prince Edward came to Valenciennes in 1326. Philippa of Hainault/Date of burial. English princess and countess of Bedford. VII. Discover the true story of Richard IIIâs mother, one of her eraâs great survivors Pronunciation: HAN-olt. The description of her in girlhood notes her dark complexion, and some researchers think this may have been from her past lineage which may not have been all European. He died in 1377 and was succeeded by his ten-year-old grandson Richard , the only child of his eldest son Edward the Black Prince who had died in ⦠Todayâs Women in History post on Philippa Of Hainault comes from Sarah Kay Bierleâs Gazette 665 history blog, which is always interesting. This comes from a report by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter who was sent to Hainaut in 1319 inspect the daughter of William ⦠Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. She was the third daughter of Willem, count of Hainault, Holland and Zeeland in modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands; and Jeanne de Valois, a granddaughter of Philip III of France, niece of Philip IV and sister of Philip VI. When Philippa de Hainault Queen of England was born on 24 June 1314, in Valenciennes, Hainaut, Spanish Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, her father, Guillaume de Hainaut Comte de Hainaut et Hollande, was 27 and her mother, Jeanne de Valois Countess de Hainaut, was 20. Philippa married Edward ⦠She was buried on month day 1369, at burial place. In Germany, the name is pronounced “phi-LIP-pa”. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. One such occasion, told by Philippa's secretary Jean Froissart, followed the victory of Calais in 1346, in which the English army captured Calais after a long siege. The evidence remains controversial to this day, and here Paul Doherty examines it in his fascinating detective study, set in one of the most turbulent and exciting periods of English history. She had enough influence that she personally persuaded the king to spare the lives of the Calais townsfolk after the Siege of Calais in 1347. Hainault, a province in the region of modern-day Holland, was Philippaâs homeland and were she grew up. Princess Sophie Charlotte was born on this date in 1744. pious companion, seems to have undergone a significant change for the worse. NY: Popular Library, 1958. She was the first Black Queen of England. 1345); Margaret (1346–1361); Thomas of Woodstock (1355–1397), duke of Gloucester. The Hundred Years War between France and England began in 1337 – a bitter conflict over lineage and land claims. Philippa got betrothed to Prince Edward of England at this very young age. In 1335, Philippa established a full-blown manufacturing colony at Norwich, to which the Flemish weaver had relocated. Edward's wars cost England enormous sums of money, but he did not spare his own household in raising the necessary funds. Philippa died of an illness similar to edema on August 15, 1369, in Windsor Castle. In 1326, young Prince Edward and his mother, Queen Isabella of France (1296–1358), took refuge at the court of Philippa's father. An excellent and informative post. Celebrated for culture, the court of Hainault offered Philippa opportunity to ⦠It is speculated that she was born on 24 June sometime between 1310 and 1315. Encyclopedia.com. Born on October 10, 1344, in Waltham, Hampshire, England; died of a form of sleeping sickness at age 17 in 1362; buried at Abingdon Abbey, Oxfordshire, England; daughter of Philippa of Hainault (1314–1369) and Edward III (1312–1377), king of England (r. 1327–1377); married John IV, duke of Brittany (r. 1364–1399), in summer 1361, in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. Philippa Origin and Meaning That was before the advent of royal sister-in-law Philippa Middleton, who goes by the lively nickname Pippa. He was 15 and she was almost 14. Today, we’ll uncover ten things you should know about this remarkable queen: Philippa’s coat of arms after she married, showing the Royal English and House of Hainault emblems. NY: Collier, 1901. ( Log Out / © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Her head is clean-shaped; her forehead high and broad, and standing somewhat forward. Philippa's coronation. This queen’s power as Regent of England and her influence on the court and country are often overshadowed by the military happenings and disease sweeping through Europe during her lifetime. However, the date of retrieval is often important. At this point Philippa, witness to the scene, fell on her knees before Edward and begged him to spare the lives of these men, if not for their sakes then out of love for her. And the damsel will be of the age of nine years on St John’s day next to come, as her mother saith. Edward III died in neglect in 1377, his rings, so it was reported, stolen by his mistress before she abandoned him on his deathbed. Some say she even rode the battle line and made a speech before the conflict began! In his history, Froissart wrote of her death and referred to her as "the most courteous, liberal, and noble lady that ever reigned in her time.". She endured this condition for almost two years. Vol I. Edited and translated by Thomas Johnes. "Philippa of Hainault (1314–1369) Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. "Philippa of Hainault (1314–1369) They might never wear the crown in their own right, but they were utterly confident of their crucial role in the spectacle of medieval kingship.Drawing on a wide range of contemporary sources, Daughters of Chivalry offers a rich portrait of ... Queen of England and founder of the English textile and coal industries. The Three Edwards. She was the first Black Queen of England. Her husband and their youngest child, the 14-year-old Thomas of Woodstock, remained with her until the end. Edward was nine years old when he inherited the English throne in 1547. Born in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, on June 16, 1332; died before October 7, 1382; daughter of Philippa of Hainault (1314–1369) and Edward III (1312–1377), king of England (r. 1327–1377); married Enguerrand VII (1340–1397), lord of Coucy and earl of Bedford, on July 27, 1365; children:Mary de Coucy ; Philippa de Coucy . Effigies of King Edward III and Queen Philippa of Hainault On 15 August 1369, Queen Philippa died of an illness similar to edema in Windsor Castle . Though tro…, Edward Philippa of Hainault (~1314 - August 15, 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England. Two of her sons died in infancy, and one at age twelve. Edward (c.1005–66), king of England (1042–66), known as ‘the Confessor’. At the center of the storm is Alice, surviving by her wits in this dangerous world where the choices are not always of her own making. Emma Campion's dazzling novel shows that there is always another side to the story. After so many years of near-constant travel, it is not surprising that in 1346, when Edward planned a major invasion of France, Philippa did not protest when Edward appointed her regent in his absence. Philippa's death marked the beginning of a decline for England; Edward, having lost his rational, clement. Philippa of Hainault was born on June 24 1314, in Valenciennes, to William I, Count of Hainaut and Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut. Philippa died in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, on 15 Aug 1369; she was 58. Philippa of Hainault : for a statue of her . Her tomb is on the northeast side of the Chapel of Edward the Confessor and on the opposite side of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile and great grandfather Henry III. When Edward III left England for military expeditions during the Hundred Years’ War, he left Queen Philippa as regent and historians have noted their seemingly close relationship. However she appeared in real life, there’s no question that her beauty, kindness, and capable advice strengthened the English throne in this period, introduced some new industries, and gave chroniclers an example of queen whose actions may have morphed into legend. . Celebrated for culture, the court of Hainault offered Philippa opportunity to explore literature and love learning. Philippa spent her early years at the court of Hainault, renowned for its culture. Philippa's second daughter, Joanna , was among the first victims. Biography Name Name: Philippa of Hainault Daughter of Guilluame (William) III Le Bon de Hainault and Jeanne de Valois Birth Born: About 1314. Duke of Gloucester. The next January, he was forced to agree to his dethronement, and Prince Edward, about 16 years old, was crowned as Edward III (Edward II was murdered a few months later on Isabella's orders). What does ‘going long’ mean? Cambridge Medieval History. Edward III of Englandm. The monarch and her husband are therefore distantly related, as both were the great-great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria and thus third cousins. With Edward away on campaign, his old enemy King David II of Scotland (now in league with France) invaded England. Probably Isabella's reluctance to allow the ceremony stemmed both from her unwillingness to expend the funds necessary for such an important event, and from her unwillingness to put another woman in what had been her place. It was unusual for a queen-consort to be given this much authority in England; Edward's decision reveals the faith and trust he placed in Philippa's judgment. She died on 15 August 1369, in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, at the age of 55, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. It’s hard to know for sure since Queen Philippa is shown in the Medieval art and imaginative sketches from later decades solely with the “blonde beauty” look that was fashionable during that time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968. The County of Hainault is now a part of Belgium and was considered part of the Low Countries. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The wife of King Edward IV, Woodville w…, Son and successor of Alfred the Great, the Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Elder (died 924) continued his father's spirited defense of Anglo-Saxon domain…, Balliol, Edward (c.1280–1364). 1328–1369 Edward was born at Islip (Oxon. Is Queen Elizabeth related to Queen Philippa? Where is Philippa of Hainault buried? Found inside â Page 236We then returned to the royal tombs and came, on the south side, to the place where Philippa of Hainault, the Queen of Edward III, is buried. Her effigy, obviously a candid portrait, shows a plump Flemish woman with a round, ... In all, the queen had twelve children, five of whom outlived her. Lives of the Queens of England. Philippa died at Windsor Castle, her husbandâs birthplace, on 15 August 1369, aged 55. Froissart, Jean. One celebrated example of her charity involves the renowned French knight Bertrand du Guesclin. Born into the ruling family of Hainault, Philippa of Hainault became one of England's most popular queens. Found inside â Page 38Opposite is that of another baby princess , Elizabeth Tudor , daughter of Henry VII . , who died at the age of three . Edward's good and beloved wife , Philippa of Hainault , is buried next to him . by Heather R. Darsie Philippa Avesnes von Hennegau und Holland, or Philippa of Hainault as she is known to English speakers, was Queen Consort of England from 24 January 1328 to 15 August 1369. Vol. January 9, 1370 Philippa of Hainault/Date of burial. Philippa Origin and Meaning That was before the advent of royal sister-in-law Philippa Middleton, who goes by the lively nickname Pippa. Edward reluctantly relented, and gave the prisoners over to Philippa for her to treat as she wished. Philippa of Hainault b. Her lips somewhat full, and especially the lower lip. In addition to the royal upbringings of the then-children, Elizabeth and Philip also happened to share a distant relative, as both are descendants of Queen Victoria. Found inside â Page 208Although Alfonso could have been buried on the periphery , where the tombs of Philippa of Hainault , Edward III and Richard II now stand , the cist to the south east of the shrine is a more likely location . Found inside â Page 248Hertford Castle August 23 , February 25 , 1305 ; deposed by Parliament January 7 , 1338 ; buried at Bury St. 1358 ; buried in the Church 1324 ... 1338 EDWARD III . , PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT , dau . of William I. , Count MARGARET PLAN ... He became at once an active, energetic, reformminded ruler, clearly one of England's greatest monarchs. Death: August 15, 1369 (55) Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England (Dropsy) Place of Burial: Plot: south side of the Confessor's chapel, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. Which NASCAR driver is married to a black woman? Sir George of York Plantagenet Duke of Clarence Earl of Warwick Earl of Salisbury Spouse Isabella Neville Issue Anne of York Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick Costain, Thomas. Queen Philippa lived and ruled in England during a tumultuous time. She visited the fledgling colony frequently, and took personal responsibility for the welfare of her workers, English and Flemish. Pingback: Highlights from Gazette665’s 2018 | Gazette665. There was considerable backing from the English nobility for Edward II's deposition, for he was widely perceived as an incompetent, weak ruler. Her secretary, Jean Froissart, is one of the most important historians of his time and is a major source of information on the life and times of Edward III and Queen Philippa. English princess. The queen on a journey, seated under the canopy. It is speculated that she was born on 24 June sometime between 1310 and 1315. She was given a state funeral six months later on 9 January 1370 and was interred at Westminster Abbey . He honored her request. When the six burghers surrendered themselves, Edward ordered them to be beheaded. Isabella and her lover did not forget the help Count William had given them, and late in 1327 an agreement, approved by Parliament, was contracted between the two houses for the marriage of the king and the count's second daughter, Philippa. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. She acted as regent in 1346, when her husband was away for the Hundred Years' War . Ideal for anyone fascinated by medieval history, this lively book provides new insight into Edward IIIâs lasting influence on the justice system, artistic traditions, language, and architecture of the country. âThe most remarkable ... He took her hand and asked her final wish. Who did Philippa of Hainault marry? Found inside â Page 59A clerk in minor orders, the chronicler became priest at Les Estinnes in Hainault in 1373, and ended his ecclesiastical career as canon of Chimay (now in modern Belgium, province of Hainault) where he was buried some time after 1400. ." Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The coal trade expanded greatly under her care, and enriched the country as a whole, especially London. Edward was 13 and Philippa was 12. Although wages rose drastically at first, due to the sudden decline in workers, soon the king issued a statute that laborers had to accept wages no higher than they had been in 1347; this impoverished thousands, since prices had risen dramatically since the Black Death struck, but their wages remained the same. January 9, 1370 Philippa of Hainault/Date of burial. She acted as regent in 1346, when her husband was away for the Hundred Years’ War. Lisa Hiltonâs Queens Consort vividly evokes the lives and times of Englandâs first queens, from Matilda of Flanders and the Norman conquest of England to Elizabeth of York and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty. Encyclopedia.com. Found inside â Page 554Edward and Philippa were in England during the winter of 1334. ... also for a hood for the face , and for webs , linen , and hearses , March 3rd , 1 of Edward , the Scotch war was prosecuted by his 554 PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT . Life is crazy busy sometimes, and itâs not always possible to write a great post every day. She was buried with due ceremony at Westminster Cathedral. Strickland, Agnes. England's state was further reduced on the death in 1376 of the Black Prince, the once-powerful warrior, after a long bout of cancer. Philippa has been fashionable in England since the fourteenth century when King Edward married Philippa of Hainault. Her nostrils are also broad, her mouth fairly wide. As she lay dying, Philippa is said to have asked Edward:- The king and queen had in their possession both the king of Scotland, from Philippa's battle against the Scots, and the king of France, from Edward's invasion. 10 Things You Should Know About Queen Philippa of Hainault, Educational Resources for Blue, Gray & Crimson, Educational Resources For Lighthouse Loyalty, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27269484, 1863: “The 2nd Maine Started For Home This Morning”, Highlights from Gazette665’s 2018 | Gazette665. She was the granddaughter of a King of France, through her mother’s lineage. This is an astounding collection of female fighters, from heads of state and goddesses to pirates and gladiators. Each entry is drawn from historical, fictional, or mythical narratives of many eras and lands. There’s a description of her appearance? CHARLEMAGNE, Carolingian king (768 - 814) and emperor (800 - 814) (born April 2, 746 at Aachen - died Jan 28, 814 at Aachen).He left issue by his mistress SIGRADA (living c780 - c790).CHARLEMAGNE and SIGRADA were the parents of, . Thomas of Woodstock, K.G. Despite Philippa's experience with military matters, she was celebrated by chroniclers for her generosity of spirit and her calm, thoughtful character. The dramatic life and mysterious death of the reviled Edward II, focusing on the vivid personality of the erratic and contradictory king, his unorthodox lifestyle and his passionate relationships with his male favourites, including Piers ... Her husband and their youngest child, the 14-year-old Thomas of Woodstock, remained with her until the end. the principal entrance read there is a wooden effigy of her in the library 173 i 30 Philips, Ambrose : for bishop read archbishop 37 â for county read borough 177 ii 17 Philips, John : after 1720 insert and a third in 1763 189 ii 28-29 Phillip, Arthur : ⦠"Edward III (13 November 1312? 21 June 1377) was King of England from 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed ... Great name! In 1332, she gave birth to a daughter, Isabella , who would always remain her father's favorite child. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Blanchard, 1850. I have always admired Philippa and feel sad that she is often forgotten by history because she wasn’t necessarily as bolshy as some other English queens of the period – but she was viewed by her contemporaries as the perfect Queen. Photos & Memories (63) +58 ( Log Out / Name variations: Mary Plantagenet. She was the daughter of Jeanne of Valois and Count William III the Good of Hainault and Holland. Though some researchers think the description might have applied to one of Philippa’s sisters, with others insist it describes her; either way here it is: ” The lady whom we saw has not uncomely hair, betwixt blue-black and brown. Edward II of England wanted his son to form an alliance with Hainault and sent a bishop to report on the young girl’s appearance. Isabella and Roger Mortimer were constantly struggling for power against the council of regents appointed by Parliament; one of Isabella's strategies was to keep a tight rein on the activities and expenditures of her son and his wife. ( Log Out / She was buried in Westminster Abbey, where her effigy can still be seen, on 9 January 1370, and the solemnities lasted six days. Vol. Hainault, a province in the region of modern-day Holland, was Philippaâs homeland and were she grew up. Celebrated for culture, the court of Hainault offered Philippa opportunity to explore literature and love learning. England and France did not escape the disease, and everywhere people suddenly became religious or tried all sorts of strange rituals and potions, hoping to ward off the illness. From Hainault. Philippa, about 13 years old, was reported to be slightly plump but quite beautiful; on her arrival in England in December, she was hailed by the Londoners who seem to have immediately conceived a love for the young queen they came to call Good Queen Philippa. Reproduction of the original: Great Englishwomen by M. B. Synge Where is Philippa of Hainault buried? Though she happened to be in Bordeaux when the plague struck the city, Queen Philippa did not fall ill or die of the disease, but it’s another example of tumultuous time, considering this added health risk. 1343 and died in infancy); Mary (1344–1362); William (b. . It is speculated that she was born on 24 June sometime ⦠Philippa provided a necessary contrast to her husband, Edward III, a great king but one whose impulsiveness and tendency toward violence and vengefulness needed her calm, rational influence. Settling down to domestic affairs, Philippa turned her attention to expanding the English economy. She reigned during the American revolution and was our queen before we became independent. 2. Philippa passed away on month day 1369, at age 59 at death place. Joan of Valois introduced French literary culture to Hainault. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Philippa of Hainault/Spouse, January 9, 1370 We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. On 15 August 1369, Philippa died of an illness similar to edema in Windsor Castle. She was given a state funeral six months later on 9 January 1370 and was interred at Westminster Abbey. Edward promised all these things would be done, and within a few hours the queen died at age 55. He was 65 years old and had reigned for 50 of those years. Edward visited her on her deathbed, where she requested that when he died, he would be buried by her side at Westminster. Their children include: Who did Philippa of Hainault marry? This companion volume seeks to trace the development of ideas relating to death, burial, and the remembrance of the dead in Europe from ca.1300-1700. A fresh look at Anne of Clevesâ life as a German noblewoman, and the Continental politics that affected her marriage. Did the doomed union really cause the fall and execution of Thomas Cromwell? Called the "she-wolf of France" by her numerous detractors, Isabella was the estranged wife and unpopular queen of Edward II. Although she prefers Pip, everyone likes the name Philippa better. The Life of Philippa. This important economic tie between England and Hainault was the primary motivation for the betrothal of England's heir, Prince Edward, and the count's daughter Philippa. Isabella wanted to depose her husband and place her young son on the throne, with herself and her lover Roger Mortimer as his regents. 1328â1369 Philippa of Hainault/Spouse. Philippa was one of eight siblings and the second of five daughters. Princess Sophie Charlotte was born in 1744. This is a book about knighthood, battle tactics and grand strategy, but it is also about fashion, literature and the privates lives of everyone from queens to freebooters. He married Philippa, daughter of William III, Count of Holland and Hainault, at York Minster on 24th January 1328. Edward (c.1005–66), king of England (1042–66), known as ‘the Confessor’. . He reigned in the 17th century, and almost all of the illustrations of him depict him as a white man. (They didn’t realize at this point that fleas carried the disease and piggybacked across Asia and Europe on rats!). Her first son was born when she was about sixteen, and this son – later known as Edward the Black Prince – would gain battlefield fame, but die before he had the chance to rule England. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. The Black Prince's young son succeeded as Richard II to a bankrupt throne and a relationship with France worse than at any previous time. She had Flemish weavers immigrate to England and practice their specialized trade in Norwich, personally visiting and taking an interest in their work. Her tomb was placed on the northeast side of the Chapel of Edward the Confessor and on the opposite side of her husband's grandparents, Edward I and Elea⦠On 25 January 1328, she married Edward III in York. Her teeth which are fallen and grown again are white enough, but the rest are not so white. Catherine Hanley provides fresh insight into Matilda's campaign to claim the title of queen, her approach to allied kingdoms and rival rulers, and her role in the succession crisis. NY: Ballantine, 1978. Born 7 January 13545 at Woodstock, Oxfordshire. This richly illustrated book, which is the first substantial publication on the effigies since 1936, is both a history of the collection and of the origins and development of the funeral effigy, and a full descriptive catalogue of the ... On 25 January 1328, she married Edward III in York. He was 15 and she was almost 14. After the turbulent years of Edward IIâs disastrous reign, the people of England looked forward to a brighter future, and there are references in Exchequer records to Philippa and Edward IIIâs âmuch spoken-of marriageâ. Hailing from the Low Country, she knew about weaving and the flourishing industries of her original homeland. Found inside â Page 75Eldest son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault he distinguished himself at the age of fifteen at the Battle of Crécy in 1346. Thereafter he gained a wide reputation as a general . He was the father of the illfated Richard II who ... Her exact date of birth is unknown, though some estimates put her year of birth as 1313. Between 1333 and 1345, Philippa spent much of her time following the English army on Edward's military campaigns, first against Scotland and then France. Thus it happened that Edward and Philippa were reduced to near poverty, and the crown jewels were pawned for cash on numerous occasions. Found inside â Page 54First are edward iii (1312â77) and his wife Philippa of hainault (1314â69), on separate tombs with fine effigies. Next are richard ii (1367â1400) and his first wife, Anne of Bohemia (1366â94), lying side by side on the same tomb. Edward IIâs queen Isabella of France was determined to bring down her husbandâs powerful and loathed favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger, and came to an agreement with Count Willem of Hainault that his third and eldest unmarried daughter Philippa would marry her son and become queen of England i⦠One of the outstanding innovations Queen Philippa encouraged for her kingdom was industry. Born June 24, 1314, Philippa was the daughter of William I, Count of Hainault (also Count of Holland, Count of Avesnes and Count of Zeeland) and Joan of Valois . A respected queen who’s been hidden in history? ." Around 1367, Queen Philippa began to suffer from dropsy, a fairly common ailment of her times. A guide for new traders, Best 8 Ideas How to Write a Perfect Argumentative Essay, A Guide to the Available Types of Lamination. 10. Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, is known for being the wife of Prince William, duke of Cambridge and second in line to the British throne, whom she married on April 29, 2011. Edward ordered the six leading men of the town to give themselves up to him, or he would have all Calais' residents killed.
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