Note also, though, that evolution has not been uniform throughout the genomes, so estimates of human-chimp divergence which consider only part of the genome can give different results. Although changes in expression of genes that are expressed in the brain tend to be less than for other organs (such as liver) on average, gene expression changes in the brain have been more dramatic in the human lineage than in the chimp lineage. On average, the two alleles in single-copy, autosomal regions in the Ulindi genome are approximately 99.9% identical to each other, 99.6% identical … Animal testing on non-human primates § Chimpanzees in the U.S. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15933A17964454.en, "Going the whole orang: Darwin, Wallace and the natural history of orangutans", "A molecular phylogeny of the hominoid primates as indicated by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis", "Divergence population genetics of chimpanzees", "Evidence for a complex demographic history of chimpanzees", "Chimpanzee genomic diversity reveals ancient admixture with bonobos", "Chimps Belong on Human Branch of Family Tree, Study Says", "Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome", "Bipedal tool use strengthens chimpanzee hand preferences", "Inhibition of endotoxin-induced activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis by pentoxifylline or by a monoclonal anti-tissue factor antibody in chimpanzees", "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor", "Chimpanzee super strength and human skeletal muscle evolution", "The Tai Chimpanzee Project in Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa", "Feeding ecology of chimpanzees in the Kibale Forest, Uganda", "The Predatory Behavior and Ecology of Wild Chimpanzees", "An Encounter between a leopard and a group of chimpanzees at Gombe National Park", "Gastrointestinal parasite infections and self-medication in wild chimpanzees surviving in degraded forest fragments within an agricultural landscape mosaic in Uganda", "Variation in hunting behaviour in neighbouring chimpanzee communities in the Budongo forest, Uganda", "Agonistic behavior, dominance, and social structure in wild chimpanzees of the Gombe National Park", "The Rise and Fall of a Chimpanzee Matriarchy - Przekrój Magazine", "Reciprocity and interchange in the social relationships of wild male chimpanzees", "Chimpanzee females queue but males compete for social status", "Trade-offs in the production of animal vocal sequences: insights from the structure of wild chimpanzee pant hoots", "How chimpanzees cooperate in a competitive world", "4,300-year-old chimpanzee sites and the origins of percussive stone technology", "Female Chimps Seen Making, Wielding Spears", "PG Tips chimps: The last of the tea-advertising apes", "Chimpanzee Research: Overview of Research Uses and Costs". [16] The chimpanzee line split from the last common ancestor of the human line around six million years ago. "We still do not have in our hands the answer to a most fundamental question: What makes us human? This is due to the differences in environmental and dietary adaptations; human internal parasite species overlap more with omnivorous, savanna-dwelling baboons. [124], In Western popular culture, chimpanzees have occasionally been stereotyped as childlike companions, sidekicks or clowns. 1. Social hierarchies among adult females tend to be weaker. Led by scientists from the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and the Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, MO, the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium reported its findings in the Sept. 1 issue of the journal Nature. In addition, there are another 5 million sites that differ because of an insertion or deletion in one of the lineages, along with a much smaller number of chromosomal rearrangements. Just 1.2 percent of that equals about 35 million differences. [42], The chimpanzee is an omnivorous frugivore. Adolescent males spend time with adult males in social activities like hunting and boundary patrolling. 14. [77] Social grooming appears to be important in the formation and maintenance of coalitions. [9], Another such region on chromosome 4 may contain elements regulating the expression of a nearby protocadherin gene that may be important for brain development and function. [99] Male chimps hunt more than females. Top-ranking males tend to be aggressive even during dominance stability. When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimpanzees still share 96 percent sequence identity. [27] In exceptional cases, certain individuals may considerably exceed these measurements, standing over 5 feet, 6 inches (168 cm) on two legs and weighing up to 300 pounds (136 kg) in captivity.

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